| Allspice (1 t.)
| ¼ t. cinnamon + ½ t. ground cloves + ¼ t. nutmeg |
| Anise Seed (1/2 t.)
| 3-4 Anise Stars |
| Apple Pie Spice (1 t.)
| ½ t. cinnamon + ¼ t. nutmeg + ⅛ t. cardamom |
| Arrowroot (2 t.)
| 2 T. all-purpose flour |
| Herbs, Fresh, Chopped (1 T.)
| 1 t. dried herbs OR ¼ t. powdered herbs |
| Garlic Clove (1 small)
| ⅛ t. garlic powder |
| Ginger, Fresh (1 T. grated)
| 1 t. ground ginger + ¼ t. white pepper + ½ t. lemon juice |
| Mustard, Dry (1 t.)
| 1 T. prepared mustard |
| Pumpkin Pie Spice (1 t.)
| ½ t. cinnamon + ¼ t. nutmeg + ⅛ t. cardamom |
| Juniper Berries (6 to 10 crushed)
| 2 bay leaves + 1 t. caraway seeds + 1 chopped mint leaf |
| Onion, Chopped (1 small)
| 1 t. onion powder or 1 T. minced onion |
| Onion, Chopped (1 medium)
| 1 T. onion powder |
